家庭人數（family size）一般定義為家庭中由於血緣、婚姻或領養生活在一起的人數，但也有定義為在某個家庭中的兄弟姊妹數。本研究所欲研究之對象為前者。幾乎在全世界的範圍之下，家庭人數在近年的社會統計中，都是逐年減少。教育程度、生育率、經濟資源、節育措施、文化態度等因素皆被認為是影響家庭人數的原因。家庭人數也與兒童發展、社經地位、貧窮、輟學率、孩童發展等有所關係。本文將從OCED國家與聯合國的家庭人數資料出發，將家庭人數與相關因素進行分析，試著驗證一般理論與文獻中家庭人數與相關因素關係的驗證。再者，將以系統性文獻探討（Systematic Literature Review，SLR）為研究方法，整理近年來各國對於家庭人數之相關研究，並試著探索不同文化、國家、家庭特徵、政府體制、社會經濟地位、節育政策教育與國民所得等因素，與家庭人數之相互影響。文章最後則是對台灣日漸降低的家庭人數，做出政策建議與討論。

Abstract:Although it is well established that the people’s attitudes toward to vaccination mandate, relatively little is known about the associations between parents’ perceptions and Covid-19 vaccination mandates. This paper attempts to explore whether and how parents support vaccination mandate during the spread of Covid-19. This paper adopts the dataset from Kaiser Family Foundation Poll in September 2021 COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor. By chi-square test, Pearson coefficient correlation, and multi-logistic regression analysis, the results show being parents, in particular, those who have children age 0-4, are the most resistant to COVID-19 vaccination mandates. Policy makers should target the younger parents to clarify the causes of anti-vaccination behaviors.

Abstract:This study examines the effects of home leaving and home returning on the well-being of single adults and their parents in Taiwan. Home leaving is an important life course event in many societies. Hence, it is not surprising that many are alarmed by the recent trend of increasing coresidence of adult children and their parents. Moving back with parents violates the orderly and age-graded transition of life events and thus may have negative effects on the adult children and their parents. Some studies do support this argument. However, the existing studies on this topic are all set in societies where coresidence of adult children and parents is not normative. The effect of home leaving and the home return of the adult child might be different in societies where coresidence is the norm. 

In this spirit, this study uses data from the 2007-2020 Panel Study of Family Dynamics to study whether the change of coresidence status (moving in or moving out) affects unmarried adults and their parents’ wellbeing. The preliminary fixed-effect analysis of 76 children-parent pairs shows different results from the western findings. Moving out from the parents reduced the adult children’s happiness/life satisfaction, while moving in with the parents had no effect. For parents, having a child move in and out did not affect their happiness/satisfaction with life. 

摘要:經濟弱勢家庭常伴隨許多危險因子，不利其子女的學業表現；而經濟弱勢家庭向來將教育視為階級流動與脫貧的重要管道。招聯會曾分析一般生與經濟弱勢學生在入學考試表現的差異，學測表現尚，一般生在均標以上者達50%，經濟弱勢生則僅有25%；指考成績上，一般生平均分數較經濟弱勢學生高出5分，但在數甲與英文成績上，一般生較經濟弱勢生高出15與13.5分。然學業表現是一種逐步積累的過程，學生在經歷國、高中各個階段的篩選後，進入不同大學就讀，經濟弱勢家庭不利因子是否在層層篩選過程中持續延續？是本研究主要探討的方向。此外，全球歷經新冠肺炎疫情爆發，許多經濟弱勢家庭處境更加艱辛，是否影響其子女學習狀況，亦是本文欲探討問題。爰此，本研究擬從某私立大學校務資料庫中，依據經濟弱勢程度不同，比較分析107學年入學學生四年學業表現，希冀進一步瞭解經濟弱勢家庭子女學習概況。